How to use reported speech

6 Minute Gram from the BBC BBC 6分钟语法 BBC 6分钟语法 Hello, welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me Catherine. 大家好，欢迎收听6 Minute Grammar，我是Catherine。 大家好，欢迎收听6 Minute Grammar，我是Catherine。 And me Neil. 我是Neil。 我是Neil。 Neil, have a sandwich. It's from Finn. He said you were hungry. Neil，吃个三明治吧，这是Finn给你的。他说你饿了。 Neil，吃个三明治吧，这是Finn给你的。他说你饿了。 Really? 真的吗？ 真的吗？ Yeah. He said, in fact, Finn said he's hungry. Give him a sandwich. 对啊。他说——准确地说，Finn说他饿了，给他个三明治吧。 对啊。他说——准确地说，Finn说他饿了，给他个三明治吧。 Well, that's very kind of Finn. It's delicious. Finn真是太好心了。这三明治很好吃。 Finn真是太好心了。这三明治很好吃。 And in today's programme we're talking about reported speech. 今天的节目我们要讲reported speech（间接引语）。 今天的节目我们要讲reported speech（间接引语）。 We'll be discussing why and when we use it and we'll see how to form it. 我们会讨论为什么用、什么时候用，还会看看怎么构成它。 我们会讨论为什么用、什么时候用，还会看看怎么构成它。 We use reported speech when we want to report something that another person said. 当我们想转述别人说过的话时，就会用到reported speech。 当我们想转述别人说过的话时，就会用到reported speech。 In our example, Finn originally said... 在我们的例子里，Finn原本说的是…… 在我们的例子里，Finn原本说的是…… He's hungry. 他饿了（He's hungry）。 他饿了（He's hungry）。 That's direct speech. 这就是direct speech（直接引语）。 这就是direct speech（直接引语）。 Catherine reported the direct speech like this. Catherine是这样转述这句直接引语的。 Catherine是这样转述这句直接引语的。 Finn said you were hungry. Finn说你饿了（Finn said you were hungry）。 Finn说你饿了（Finn said you were hungry）。 OK, now let's look at that more closely. 好，现在我们来仔细看看这句话。 好，现在我们来仔细看看这句话。 We need to make some grammatical changes when we report what someone else says. 转述别人说的话时，需要做一些语法上的变化。 转述别人说的话时，需要做一些语法上的变化。 First, when the speaker or listener changes, we need to change the pronouns. 首先，当说话人或听话人变了，我们需要改变人称代词。 首先，当说话人或听话人变了，我们需要改变人称代词。 That's right. Finn used he in direct speech to talk about Neil. 没错。Finn在直接引语里用he来指Neil。 没错。Finn在直接引语里用he来指Neil。 He is hungry. 他饿了（He is hungry）。 他饿了（He is hungry）。 Then Catherine told me what Finn said. 然后Catherine把Finn说的话告诉了我。 然后Catherine把Finn说的话告诉了我。 Finn said you were hungry. Finn说你饿了（Finn said you were hungry）。 Finn说你饿了（Finn said you were hungry）。 Second change. In reported speech, we often move the tense back one step into the past. 第二个变化：在reported speech中，我们通常要把时态往前推一步，即"time back"。 第二个变化：在reported speech中，我们通常要把时态往前推一步，即"time back"。 So is hungry becomes were hungry. 所以is hungry变成了were hungry。 所以is hungry变成了were hungry。 But we don't have to change the verb tense in reported speech 但如果所说的情况是普遍事实、一直成立的， 但如果所说的情况是普遍事实、一直成立的， if the situation is generally true. 那在reported speech中就不需要改变动词时态。 那在reported speech中就不需要改变动词时态。 Here's an example. Finn, give us a sentence, please. 来看个例子。Finn，麻烦你说一句。 来看个例子。Finn，麻烦你说一句。 OK. I love cheese sandwiches. 好的。我喜欢吃奶酪三明治（I love cheese sandwiches）。 好的。我喜欢吃奶酪三明治（I love cheese sandwiches）。 Thank you, Finn and Neil. Can you report what Finn said, please? 谢谢Finn。Neil，能转述一下Finn说的话吗？ 谢谢Finn。Neil，能转述一下Finn说的话吗？ Yes, Finn said he loves cheese sandwiches. 可以，Finn说他喜欢吃奶酪三明治（Finn said he loves cheese sandwiches）。 可以，Finn说他喜欢吃奶酪三明治（Finn said he loves cheese sandwiches）。 OK, so there we don't change loves to loved 好，这里我们没有把loves变成loved， 好，这里我们没有把loves变成loved， because Finn loves cheese sandwiches and that's a general truth. 因为Finn喜欢奶酪三明治是一个普遍事实。 因为Finn喜欢奶酪三明治是一个普遍事实。 Now, the third thing we need with reported speech is a reporting verb. 现在，reported speech需要的第三个要素，就是reporting verb（转述动词）。 现在，reported speech需要的第三个要素，就是reporting verb（转述动词）。 Say and tell are the most common ones 最常见的是say和tell， 最常见的是say和tell， and we usually put them in the past tense. 我们通常用它们的过去式。 我们通常用它们的过去式。 For example, Finn said Neil was hungry. 比如，Finn said Neil was hungry。 比如，Finn said Neil was hungry。 Now let's look at how to report questions with question words like what and who. 现在我们来看看，如何转述带疑问词（比如what和who）的问句。 现在我们来看看，如何转述带疑问词（比如what和who）的问句。 We'll hear the direct speech first from Finn. 我们先听Finn说的direct speech。 我们先听Finn说的direct speech。 Then Catherine will give us the reported speech. 然后Catherine会给出reported speech。 然后Catherine会给出reported speech。 Er, what's the time? 呃，几点了（What's the time）？ 呃，几点了（What's the time）？ Finn asked what the time was. Finn asked what the time was.（Finn问几点了。） Finn asked what the time was.（Finn问几点了。） The reporting verb comes first, then the question word 先是reporting verb，然后是疑问词， 先是reporting verb，然后是疑问词， and then the reported sentence with the tense moved back. 接着是时态往前推过的转述句。 接着是时态往前推过的转述句。 And don't forget to change the word order from question word order 别忘了要把疑问句的语序 别忘了要把疑问句的语序 to statement word order. 改成陈述句语序。 改成陈述句语序。 Another one, please, Finn and Catherine. Finn和Catherine，再来一个吧。 Finn和Catherine，再来一个吧。 Who ate the cake? 谁吃了蛋糕（Who ate the cake）？ 谁吃了蛋糕（Who ate the cake）？ He asked who'd eaten the cake. He asked who'd eaten the cake.（他问谁吃了蛋糕。） He asked who'd eaten the cake.（他问谁吃了蛋糕。） OK, now it's time to look at pronunciation. 好，现在来看看发音。 好，现在来看看发音。 Yes, pronunciation. 对，发音。 对，发音。 Some past tense forms in reported speech can be difficult to hear. reported speech里有些过去时态的形式听起来会有点难辨认。 reported speech里有些过去时态的形式听起来会有点难辨认。 In the last example, the two words who and had 在刚才的例子里，who和had这两个词 在刚才的例子里，who和had这两个词 become who'd. 连读成了who'd。 连读成了who'd。 He asked who'd eaten the cake. He asked who'd eaten the cake. He asked who'd eaten the cake. So had is shortened to just a d sound. 所以had被缩略成了一个短短的d音。 所以had被缩略成了一个短短的d音。 Listen out for the short d sound in this next example. 下面这个例子里，也留意一下这个短促的d音。 下面这个例子里，也留意一下这个短促的d音。 She asked where I'd gone. She asked where I'd gone.（她问我去哪儿了。） She asked where I'd gone.（她问我去哪儿了。） So the phrase I had becomes I'd. 所以I had变成了I'd。 所以I had变成了I'd。 One more time, please, Finn. Finn，麻烦再说一遍。 Finn，麻烦再说一遍。 She asked where I'd gone. She asked where I'd gone. She asked where I'd gone. Thank you, Finn. 谢谢Finn。 谢谢Finn。 So watch out for contractions in reported speech. 所以在reported speech里要留意这些缩略形式。 所以在reported speech里要留意这些缩略形式。 Six minute run from bbclearningenglish.com. Six Minute Grammar，来自bbclearningenglish.com。 Six Minute Grammar，来自bbclearningenglish.com。 And now, are you ready? 好了，准备好了吗？ 好了，准备好了吗？ For a quiz? 准备好做测验了吗？ 准备好做测验了吗？ It's quiz time. 测验时间到！ 测验时间到！ Finn is going to say some sentences in direct speech. Finn会说几句direct speech的句子。 Finn会说几句direct speech的句子。 As you listen, decide what the correct reported speech is. 你们听的时候，判断一下正确的reported speech是哪个。 你们听的时候，判断一下正确的reported speech是哪个。 Here's the first one. 第一句来了。 第一句来了。 I've eaten my lunch. 我吃过午饭了（I've eaten my lunch）。 我吃过午饭了（I've eaten my lunch）。 Is the reported speech a. reported speech应该是a， reported speech应该是a， He said he's eating his lunch, or b. he said he's eating his lunch，还是b， he said he's eating his lunch，还是b， He said he'd eaten his lunch. he said he'd eaten his lunch？ he said he'd eaten his lunch？ And the answer is b. 答案是b。 答案是b。 He said he'd eaten his lunch. He said he'd eaten his lunch. He said he'd eaten his lunch. The present perfect changes to the past perfect. 现在完成时变成了过去完成时。 现在完成时变成了过去完成时。 OK, next one, please, Finn. 好，Finn，下一句请。 好，Finn，下一句请。 I go to work by bus. 我坐公交车上班（I go to work by bus）。 我坐公交车上班（I go to work by bus）。 Is the reported speech a. reported speech是a， reported speech是a， Finn said he goes to work by bus, or b. Finn said he goes to work by bus，还是b， Finn said he goes to work by bus，还是b， Finn said he's going to work by bus. Finn said he's going to work by bus？ Finn said he's going to work by bus？ And it's a. 答案是a。 答案是a。 Finn said he goes to work by bus. Finn said he goes to work by bus. Finn said he goes to work by bus. OK, and here's the last one. 好，最后一句。 好，最后一句。 Er, where are my glasses? 呃，我的眼镜呢（Where are my glasses）？ 呃，我的眼镜呢（Where are my glasses）？ Is it a. 是a， 是a， He asked where were his glasses, or b. he asked where were his glasses，还是b， he asked where were his glasses，还是b， He asked where his glasses were. he asked where his glasses were？ he asked where his glasses were？ And the right answer is b. 正确答案是b。 正确答案是b。 He asked where his glasses were. He asked where his glasses were. He asked where his glasses were. Now, before we go, there's just enough time for a top tip. 好，在结束前，还有点时间给大家一个小贴士。 好，在结束前，还有点时间给大家一个小贴士。 With the reporting verb tell, we say who the person is talking to. 用reporting verb tell的时候，我们要说清楚是对谁说的。 用reporting verb tell的时候，我们要说清楚是对谁说的。 For example, Finn told me he's going to pay for lunch today. 比如，Finn told me he's going to pay for lunch today. 比如，Finn told me he's going to pay for lunch today. Wow. And when we use the reporting verb say, 哇。而用reporting verb say的时候， 哇。而用reporting verb say的时候， we don't say who the person is talking to. 我们不需要说是对谁说的。 我们不需要说是对谁说的。 So this next sentence is wrong. 所以下面这句是错的。 所以下面这句是错的。 Finn said me he was going to pay for lunch today. Finn said me he was going to pay for lunch today. Finn said me he was going to pay for lunch today. But this one is correct. 但下面这句才是对的。 但下面这句才是对的。 Finn said he was going to pay for lunch today. Finn said he was going to pay for lunch today. Finn said he was going to pay for lunch today. So that's reported speech. 好，这就是reported speech的内容。 好，这就是reported speech的内容。 There's more about this on our website at bbclearningenglish.com. 关于这个话题，我们网站bbclearningenglish.com上有更多内容。 关于这个话题，我们网站bbclearningenglish.com上有更多内容。 Join us again for more 6 Minute Grammar. 欢迎继续收看更多6 Minute Grammar。 欢迎继续收看更多6 Minute Grammar。 Bye. Bye. 再见，再见。 再见，再见。